Chronic kidney failure in the single remaining kidney is one of the dreaded complications of nephrectomy in patients operated on for cancer-related reasons (1). Indeed, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with major cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (2). To date, there are few non-invasive methods available to predict the onset and progression of CKD in patients for whom nephrectomy is indicated. Preoperative creatinine and glomerular filtration rate are poor predictors of the subsequent risk of single kidney failure (1). Early predictive markers could help anticipate the management of CKD in patients for whom progression to end-stage renal disease is predictable. Furthermore, such markers could be used as a decision-making aid to specify the type of nephrectomy to be preferred (total versus partial nephrectomy). The state of microcirculation, particularly retinal, is correlated with the progression of certain conditions such as diabetic nephropathy (3-5). A new technique for evaluating retinal microcirculation called OCT-A (an imaging technique in ophthalmology allowing a precise non-invasive study of the retinal microvascular network) has recently been used by our team to highlight an association between retinal vascularisation and the level of cardiovascular risk in a population of coronary patients without diabetes (6). We hypothesize that the observation of retinal vascular abnormalities could reflect changes in kidney structure that could underlie chronic renal failure. The aim of this work is thus to evaluate whether the presence of abnormalities in the retinal microvascularisation is 1) predictive of the deterioration in renal function one year after nephrectomy for cancer-related reasons and 2) correlated with renal histological abnormalities.